EEG cortical activity and connectivity correlates of early sympathetic response during cold pressor test

Figures

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  Figure 1. Results of K-means clustering of brain ICs across subjects. The scalp map related to each centroid is obtained as the average of single-subject scalp maps assigned to the cluster. Associated equivalent current dipoles are depicted in red within a standard MRI template and labeled according to the nearest portion of gray matter.

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  Figure 2. Statistical comparison of channels’ power spectral density (PSD) between resting-state and cold pressor test (CPT) in the \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\delta$$\end{document}δ(1–4 Hz), \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\theta$$\end{document}θ(4–8 Hz), \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\alpha$$\end{document}α(8–12 Hz), \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\sigma$$\end{document}σ(12–16 Hz),…

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  Figure 3. Median ± MAD of network nodes’ power spectral density (PSD) in the last 5 s window of resting-state (i.e., from − 10 s to − 5 s; "Blue square") and in the first 30 s of cold pressor test (CPT) (i.e., from +5 s to +35 s), for the \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\delta$$\end{document}δ, \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\theta$$\end{document}θ, \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\alpha$$\end{document}α, and \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek}…

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  Figure 4. Time-frequency representation of group-median direct Directed Transfer Function (dDTF) between network nodes (i.e., l-PCG, l-PMC, r-PCu, l-ACC and r-PCG). Only values significantly different from 0 after surrogate data testing with phase randomization are reported (\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$p<0.05$$\end{document}p<0.05, corrected with FDR). Time is represented along the x-axis, whereas frequency is represented along the y-axis. Intersections between columns and rows depict directional causal information flow from one node (i.e., source) to another (i.e., sink). dDTF was evaluated in the time range from − 35 s to − 5 s (i.e., resting-state) and from +5s to +35s (i.e., CPT), with respect to the CPT start (i.e., vertical red dashed line at 0s), using a 5s moving window with a shift of 1s, and in the frequency range from 1Hz to 45Hz. Each point over time accounts for the dDTF between − 2.5 s and − 2.5 s. We did not analyze windows overlapping between resting-state and CPT (i.e.,…

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  Figure 5. Graphical representation of causal interactions between the network nodes (i.e., l-PCG, l-PMC, r-PCu, l-ACC and r-PCG) integrated in the \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\delta$$\end{document}δ band, during both the resting-state from − 35 s to − 5 s and CPT from + 5 to + 35, with respect to the CPT start. Nodes are reported in a standard template, with their corresponding label. Node size represent information outflow, whereas node color represents information inflow. The edges represent connections between nodes, whose color and size encode connectivity magnitude. The directionality of connections is given by the direction were the edges taper.

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  Figure 6. Graphical representation of causal interactions between the network nodes (i.e., l-PCG, l-PMC, r-PCu, l-ACC and r-PCG) integrated in the \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\theta$$\end{document}θ band, during both the resting-state from − 35 to − 5 s and CPT from + 5 to + 35 s, with respect to the CPT start. Nodes are reported in a standard template, with their corresponding label. Node size represent information outflow, whereas node color represents information inflow. The edges represent connections between nodes, whose color and size encode connectivity magnitude. The directionality of connections is given by the direction were the edges taper.

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  Figure 7. Graphical representation of causal interactions between the network nodes (i.e., l-PCG, l-PMC, r-PCu, l-ACC and r-PCG) integrated in the \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\alpha \text{ and }\sigma$$\end{document}αandσ bands, during both the resting-state from − 35 to − 5 s and CPT from + 5 to + 35 s, with respect to the CPT start. Nodes are reported in a standard template, with their corresponding label. Node size represent information outflow, whereas node color represents information inflow. The edges represent connections between nodes, whose color and size encode connectivity magnitude. The directionality of connections is given by the direction were the edges taper.

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  Figure 8. Graphical representation of causal interactions between the network nodes (i.e., l-PCG, l-PMC, r-PCu, l-ACC and r-PCG) integrated in the \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\beta \; \text{and} \;\gamma$$\end{document}βandγ bands, during both the resting-state from − 35 to − 5 s and CPT from + 5 to + 35 s, with respect to the CPT start. Nodes are reported in a standard template, with their corresponding label. Node size represent information outflow, whereas node color represents information inflow. The edges represent connections between nodes, whose color and size encode connectivity magnitude. The directionality of connections is given by the direction were the edges taper.