Danthonia spicata, poverty-oat grass, is a native North American perennial grass of pioneer habitats. It invades agricultural lands in eastern Canada with dry soil and low fertility. Unpalatable to livestock, it is an increaser species in heavily grazed or nutrient depleted pasture. A polymorphic reproductive system incorporates chasmogamy, cleistogamy and heteromorphic diaspores (dispersal unit). Clavicipitaceous fungal parasites are often present and affect productivity, reproduction, competitive fitness and possibly predation of their hosts.
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Darbyshire et al. (1989) studied this question.
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