Synthesizing and summarizing the empirical research on science teaching and learning during 1991 was certainly a formidable task. After completion of our task, one perception remains clear. The science education literature base continues to expand each year exceeding the research reported during the previous year. The efforts that will be expended by the reviewers of the research for the 1992 calendar year have our appreciation in advance.
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Lederman et al. (1993) studied this question.
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