Can the boundaries of community management be extended beyond rural areas? Lessons from Ghana

Community management, a central part of community development, has gained wide among service intermediaries such as governmental agencies, NGOs and organizations mainly as a result of the failure of the top-down approach to. Policy instruments therefore aim at a bottom-up approach in basic service such as water supply and sanitation. Operationally, the extent to which management can be inserted into development strategies has remained giving rise to instances where it has produced mixed results. Vast documentation∄, though, on the success of community management in rural settings. Can the of community management be extended from rural areas to larger? Case studies from the water sector in Ghana support a paradigm shift for development in larger communities? The results and the implications for development are discussed.