Extracranial Carotid Duplex Ultrasonography. Part I - Basic Principles and Standard Examination for Carotid and Vertebral Arteries, and Jugular Veins

Use of ultrasound is safe in humans, and has been widely used in medical applications. -mode sonography produces cross-sectional images and Doppler sonography blood flow velocities. Carotid duplex ultrasonography (CDU) has mainly utilized in cerebrovascular disease. Recently, its use has been expanded Parkinson's disease and neuromuscular disease as well as pain management. -of-care ultrasound is used in emergency and intensive care settings, and the advantage of short examination time, relatively low cost, and reproducibility. , the results may vary depending on the examiner’s skill. Therefore, standard protocol for examination is needed. This practice guideline discusses principles, artifacts, and standard techniques, and thus can improve understanding CDU for neck vessels.