Analysis of mechanisms of functional implementation of morphological differences in the structure of hemomicrocirculatory vessels

In the modern understanding of the system of vascular trophic support, the haemomicrocirculatory bed is a sequential connection of arterioles, precapillaries, capillaries, postcapillaries and venules, ordered by their location in tissues, as well as the presence of arteriolo-venular anastomoses. Differentiation of various links of the microcirculatory bed is based not only on the size of the vessel lumen, but also on the peculiarities of the structure of their walls and the functions performed. The main metabolic link of the human circulatory system is the capillary bed, in which the presence of three types of capillaries is currently described, the distinction of which is established by the peculiarities of the structure of their walls. At the same time, morphological differences of capillary wall structure determine essential differences in their functions, which causes a number of critical comments on the validity of uniting capillaries into one type of vessels only in the absence of diameter differences. In addition, when forming an objective morphofunctional assessment of the organization of the haemomicrocirculatory bed of an organ and/or tissue, it is necessary to evaluate topographic-anatomical regularities of the architectonics and mutual location of different types of capillaries in the vascular network of organs and tissues, which can be determined using modern methods of morphometry. The results of further research in this direction can become new knowledge about the regularities of blood supply organization, allowing to detail the role of various microvessels in the organization of microhemodynamics and metabolic processes in organs and tissues in norm and pathology, as well as find an important applied use in the development of new methods of selective drug delivery to the focus of pathological process in various human diseases.