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The spatial distribution of the spontaneous polarization in LiNbO3 may be changed by proton-exchange. The treatment of this crystal in benzoic acid causes the appearance of a layer of reversed-direction spontaneous polarization near the z+-surface. We have investigated proton-exchanged LiNbO3 utilizing both ferroelectric electron emission (FEE) and the Surface Laser Intensity Modulation Method (SLIMM) to measure the spatial distribution of spontaneous polarization. The FEE diminished sharply in benzoic acid-treated samples. SLIMM showed that the proton-exchange treatment caused reversal of the direction of spontaneous polarization in a layer about 1.2 μ thick on the z+-surface. No reversal occurred on the z--surface.
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Lang et al. (1992) studied this question.
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