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This paper analyzes a concept for ironless loudspeaker motors. The structure is a torus with a cylindrical air gap, formed by toroidal permanent magnets with a triangular cross section. The advantage of this design is that it permits control of the magnetic field inside the structure. The result is ironless self-shielding devices with small flux leakage.
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Berkouk et al. (2001) studied this question.
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