Evolution and Possible Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Colorectal Cancer Screening

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related morbidity and mortality worldwide, and recent epidemiologic trends have demonstrated an alarming rise in early-onset CRC. This has prompted increased efforts in searching for solutions to improve screening strategies and understanding how to best risk-stratify this increasingly younger at-risk population. Current screening modalities carry inherent limitations that are often multifactorial, including issues with sensitivity, specificity, patient adherence/compliance, cost, and access. We review the current evidence, limitations, and future efforts on the use of artificial intelligence and Computer-Aided Adenoma Detection and Diagnosis systems to augment and enhance existing screening approaches to improve both detection and efficacy.