On internal gravity waves in an accelerating shear flow

The investigation of the effects which a changing mean flow has on a uniform train of internal gravity waves (Thorpe 1978a) is continued by considering waves in a uniformly accelerating stratified plane Couette flow with constant density gradient. Experiments reveal a change in the mode structure and phase distribution of the waves, and their eventual breaking near the boundary where the mean flow is greatest, the phase speed of the waves being positive. A linear numerical model is devised which accurately describes the waves up to the onset of their breaking, and this is used to investigate their energetics. The working of the Reynolds stress against the mean velocity gradient results in a very rapid transfer of energy from the waves to the mean flow, so that by the time breaking occurs only a small fraction of their initial energy remains for possible transfer into potential energy of the fluid. The consequences have important applications in oceanography and meteorology, to flow stability and flow generation, and explain some earlier laboratory observations.