There is an increasing need for unobtrusive positioning systems in smart homes and assisted living environments. This review presents the main technologies used for device-free passive indoor positioning, including pressure sensors, thermal infrared sensors, sound source localization, ultrasound, radio frequency, infrastructure-mediated sensing and electric-field-based methods. In addition, it compares the advantages and disadvantages of a range of positioning systems to help identify the most suitable positioning technology for specific cases.
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Kivimäki et al. (2014) studied this question.
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