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This review summarizes the physiological and structural changes of the cardiovascular system associated with normal aging and their contribution to cardiovascular disease.
The cardiovascular system (CVS) is associated with many complex changes during aging both in structure and function, which leads to alterations in of the cardiovascular physiology that differ from pathological effects such as disease of the coronary arteries. The changes related to age seen in everyone but not necessarily at the same rate. The related change of the CVS with aging includes slight hypertrophic heart that become sympathetic stimuli hypo-responsive, an increased arteries hardness and stiffness and a diminished in elasticity as the aorta and main arteries become stiffer and elongated with increased velocity of pulse wave, dysfunction of endothelial and early atherosclerosis resembling biochemical patterns.. Many studies have declared that the process of aging has major alterations for CVS and increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevalence with advancement of ages. The aging roles on the CVS are a subject of intense researches and interest. The presented review highlights the major CVS associated changes with aging in healthy individuals and associated disease process and perspectives of future directions.
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Mohamed Nabil Alama (2017) studied this question.
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