Mobilization of intracellular calcium by alpha 1-adrenergic receptor activation in muscle cell monolayers.

The fluorescent chelating agent quin 2 has been employed to monitor alterations of intracellular free Ca2+ concentrations ([Ca2+]i) in response to alpha 1-adrenergic receptor activation in adherent BC3H-1 cells. To correlate the kinetics of [Ca2+]i changes with transmembrane fluxes of this ion, continuous monitoring of [Ca2+]i has been undertaken on a monolayer of cells. Previous measurements of the transmembrane efflux of Ca2+ show a distinct lag in the response over a range of phenylephrine concentrations. By contrast, the elevation of [Ca2+]i is rapid (t1/2 approximately 2 s) and maintained for 30 s before it begins to decline to basal concentrations. The differences in kinetics indicate that the temporal delay in cellular Ca2+ efflux results from either activation of the transport system for Ca2+ extrusion or translocation of free Ca2+ to the transport site. The decline of [Ca2+]i with continued agonist exposure parallels both the efflux kinetics from the cell and the decline of total cellular Ca2+. At a time when free [Ca2+]i approaches the resting concentration, total cellular Ca2+ is reduced to a steady state value of 60% of that seen prior to stimulation. The Kact for phenylephrine-stimulated elevation in [Ca2+]i on the monolayer is 0.51 microM, which is similar to the Kact of 0.90 microM observed for phenylephrine-activated 45Ca2+ efflux. Addition of phentolamine subsequent to phenylephrine addition immediately reverses the agonist-stimulated Ca2+ mobilization, initiating a rapid return of [Ca2+]i to resting levels. A comparison of the kinetics of Ca2+ mobilization with its transmembrane flux suggests that the agonist augments the rate of recycling of intracellular Ca2+ between the free and bound states rather than causing release as a single bolus from the bound stores.