An introductory guide to the basic mechanisms of the free electron laser is presented. The laser gain originates from the stimulated Raman or Compton backscattering of a pump electromagnetic field by a relativistic electron beam. The condition of optimization of the gain, the maximum operation frequency, and the optimum output power are obtained in terms of the beam parameters and the magnitude of the pump magnetic field.
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Akira Hasegawa (1978) studied this question.
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