Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
Vapor-liquid coexistence in fluids of charged hard dumbbells, each made up of two oppositely charged hard spheres with diameters sigma and separation d, has been studied using grand-canonical Monte Carlo simulations. In the limit d/sigma-->0, and with the temperature scaled accordingly, the system corresponds to dipolar hard spheres. For separations in the range 0.3 0 yield estimates of the apparent critical parameters for dipolar hard spheres.
No takes yet. Share an insight, caveat, or question.
Ganzenmüller et al. (2007) studied this question.
Synapse has enriched 10 related papers. Consider them for comparative context: