A phase III clinical trial of PXT3003 in Chinese patients with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1A

Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1A (CMT1A) is the most common inherited peripheral neuropathy and currently lacks disease-modifying therapy. PXT3003, a low-dose oral combination targeting PMP22 overexpression, has shown efficacy in two trials, while one recent confirmatory trial failed to meet its primary efficacy endpoints. In this trial, eligible participants aged 16 to 65 years with genetically confirmed mild-to-moderate CMT1A were randomly assigned to receive oral PXT3003 or placebo twice daily for 15 months. The primary endpoint was the change in the overall neuropathy limitations scale (ONLS) total score from baseline to month 15. At month 15, mean ONLS change from baseline was −0.268 (SD: 0.82) in the PXT3003 group versus 0.013 (SD: 0.65) in the placebo group, with a between-group difference of −0.249 (95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.467 to −0.030; p = 0.0257). Significant improvements were observed in the ONLS leg subscore and ankle-dorsiflexion strength. These findings support PXT3003 as a promising therapeutic option for alleviating limb symptoms in patients with CMT1A.