Functionalization of Cotton Fabrics with a Nitrogen- and Sulfur-Containing Antiseptic Composition: Structural Characterization, Thermal Stability and Antimicrobial Activity

The growing demand for multifunctional textile materials has stimulated extensive research into the development of antimicrobial finishing agents capable of providing long-term protection against pathogenic microorganisms while preserving the performance characteristics of fabrics. In this study, cotton fabrics were functionalized using a nitrogen- and sulfur-containing antiseptic composition based on sulfosalicylic acid, copper acetate treated fabrics were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA/DTG) to investigate their structural, morphological, and thermal properties. The antimicrobial activity of the modified fabrics was evaluated against representative microorganisms. In addition, the influence of the antiseptic treatment on the functional properties of the cotton fabrics, including tensile strength, elongation at break, wrinkle resistance, abrasion resistance, hygroscopicity, air permeability, color fastness, and water permeability, was assessed. The results demonstrated successful incorporation of the antiseptic composition onto the fiber surface, improved thermal stability, and pronounced antimicrobial activity. Furthermore, the treated fabrics retained satisfactory mechanical and hygienic properties, indicating the suitability of the developed composition for the production of protective and hygienic textile materials. The proposed approach offers a promising route for the fabrication of multifunctional cellulose-based textiles with enhanced performance and biological protection.