Key result
The 2016-2020 birth cohort had a significantly lower risk of hand, foot, and mouth disease, with a rate ratio of 0.182 in males and 0.170 in females compared to the reference cohort.
Why the study?
To analyze the age distribution pattern, evolution trend, and variations over time of hand, foot, and mouth disease incidence rate in Dalian city from 2009 to 2024.
Observational (n=110,117)
Relative Risk: 0.182 (95% CI 0.098–0.337)
The incidence of HFMD in Dalian decreased significantly with age, but the proportion of cases in older children (10-14 years) has increased since 2023, highlighting a shift in the age distribution.
HFMD age-period trends in Dalian may guide local surveillance; leaves open generalizability and causal drivers.
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An et al. (2026) conducted an observational in Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) (n=110,117). 2016-2020 birth cohort vs. Reference birth cohort was evaluated on Hand, foot and mouth disease incidence rate ratio (RR 0.182, 95% CI 0.098-0.337). The 2016-2020 birth cohort had a significantly lower risk of hand, foot, and mouth disease, with a rate ratio of 0.182 in males and 0.170 in females compared to the reference cohort.
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