What does this research mean for the field?

In patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma receiving neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy, survival outcomes are primarily determined by nodal status, tumor regression grade, extent of lymph node dissection, and receipt of adjuvant therapy, rather than primary tumor (ypT) status or specific PD-1 inhibitor type. Novelty: ClaimNovelty.INCREMENTAL. Consensus alignment: ConsensusAlignment.NEUTRAL.

What question did this study set out to answer?

To identify clinical and pathological factors that predict pathological complete response, disease-free survival, and overall survival in patients with locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma undergoing neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy and esophagectomy.

August 29, 2026BMC CancerOpen Access

Prognostic value of pathological response and nodal status after neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

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To identify clinical and pathological factors that predict pathological complete response, disease-free survival, and overall survival in patients with locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma undergoing neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy and esophagectomy.
Retrospectively evaluated 441 consecutive patients with locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma who underwent neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy followed by R0 esophagectomy between 2019 and 2023 at a single high-volume center.
Used multivariable logistic regression to determine predictors of pathological complete response and multivariable Cox proportional hazards models to assess disease-free survival and overall survival over a median follow-up of 25 months.
The overall pathological complete response (pCR) rate was 19.0% (84/441), with female sex (P = 0.005) and receipt of pembrolizumab (P = 0.003) or tislelizumab (P = 0.003) independently predicting higher pCR rates.
Lower ypN stage, higher number of dissected lymph nodes, receipt of adjuvant therapy, and favorable tumor regression grade were independent predictors of improved disease-free survival and overall survival (all P < 0.05).
Type of PD-1 inhibitor and choice of chemotherapy regimen were not significantly associated with disease-free survival or overall survival (all P > 0.05).

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Implication

Retrospective cohort study reveals nodal status and tumor regression determine survival in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, highlighting the value of extensive lymph node dissection.

Cite This Study

Zhang et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a9299bb8e5d7d1fc0c11de5 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-026-16811-8

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Implication

Retrospective cohort study reveals nodal status and tumor regression determine survival in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, highlighting the value of extensive lymph node dissection.

Prognostic value of pathological response and nodal status after neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

Key Points

Discussion

Implication

Cite This Study

Prognostic value of pathological response and nodal status after neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

Key Points

Discussion

Implication

Cite This Study

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