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This article cites traditional difficulties in assessing and modifying nasality and proposes bioelectronic instrumentation, TONAR II, designed to overcome the problems. Specific criteria are listed for detecting and modifying nasality, and instrumental applications to meet the criteria are presented. A series of substudies are then reported which highlight important factors in the clinical management of nasality. Recent extension of the instrumentation to measure and manage other voice disorders is also described.
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Samuel G. Fletcher (1972) studied this question.
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