Theoretical analysis reveals electromagnetism as a projection of a unified field, indicating forces were never separate fundamental interactions.
AbstractWe show that what has been called Electromagnetism for 160 years is not anindependent fundamental interaction. Using Zulfia Decomposition Mapping (ZDM)defined in [1], we demonstrate that the electromagnetic sector ∆0 is a proper subsetof the single unified field Z, i.e., ∆0 ⊂ Z. The Maxwell equations are derived asMaxwell = MZDM [Z-equation]|∆0 . This relationship link, absent in standalone EMtheory, naturally derives charge quantization e = ⟨Z|∆0⟩, exact masslessness of photonfrom orthogonality η · ∆0 = 0, and gravity-light coupling. The absence of magneticmonopoles is shown to be a strict consequence of ZDM, which forbids Z → ∆0 + ∆0.Thus, forces were never unified; they were never separate.
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DR. ZULFIQAR ALI KHAN (2026) studied this question.
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