Regulation of Gonadotropin Subunit Transcription after Ovariectomy in the Rat: Measurement of Subunit Primary Transcripts Reveals Differential Roles of GnRH and Inhibin

The aim of this study was to determine if the changes in gonadotropin subunit gene expression following ovariectomy reflect transcriptional and/or posttranscriptional regulation by GnRH or inhibin. Subunit transcription rates were determined by recently developed quantitative RT-PCR for subunit primary transcripts (as an indicator of gene transcription), which allow us to measure both mRNA and PT from RNA extracted from a single pituitary. Following ovariectomy, LHbeta PT concentrations increased 2- to 3-fold between 72 h and 7 d, paralleling changes in serum LH and LHbeta mRNA. In contrast, serum FSH, FSHbeta mRNA, and FSHbeta PT concentrations were 6- to 9-fold greater 12-24 h after ovariectomy followed by an additional 2.5-fold increase at 72 h. Although alpha RNA was elevated at 72 h after ovariectomy, alpha-primary transcript did not change. GnRH antagonist prevented the increase in LHbeta-PT at 72 h, but had no effect on the increase in FSHbetaPT at 12 h and was only partially effective at 72 h. The acute GnRH-independent increase in FSHbeta-primary transcript after ovariectomy could be duplicated by the administration of inhibin antiserum to intact rats; inhibin-alpha antiserum did not affect LHbeta-primary transcript, but increased FSHbeta-primary transcript concentrations 8- to 11-fold. The half-disappearance rates of LHbeta and FSHbeta primary transcripts were measured after GnRH blockade or administration of recombinant human inhibin A. The half-disappearance times for LHbeta and FSHbeta primary transcripts following GnRH blockade were 13 and 17 min, respectively; the mRNAs did not change. The effects of inhibin were specific for FSHbeta; 60 min after inhibin FSHbeta-primary transcript was undetectable with a half-disappearance time of 19 min, additionally FSHbeta mRNA levels also fell with a half-life of 94 min. In conclusion, these data support previous evidence that GnRH regulates gonadotropin gene expression primarily at the level of transcription. However, the acute increase in FSHbeta-primary transcript after ovariectomy or immunoneutralization of inhibin-alpha, and the rapid fall in FSHbeta-primary transcript following rh inhibin, provide novel evidence that inhibin suppresses FSHbeta gene transcription in addition to its action in regulating FSHbeta mRNA stability.