Key result
Type 1 diabetes without retinopathy was associated with higher mean amplitude in specific frequency bands of ophthalmic and central retinal artery waveforms compared to controls (e.g., CRA band 3, p<0.001).
Why the study?
Does wavelet transform analysis of Doppler blood velocity waveforms detect early microvascular abnormalities in patients with type 1 diabetes without retinopathy compared to controls?
Case-Control (n=78)
Does wavelet transform analysis of Doppler blood velocity waveforms detect early microvascular abnormalities in patients with type 1 diabetes without retinopathy compared to controls?
p-value: p=<0.001
Wavelet transform analysis of Doppler waveforms in retrobulbar arteries can detect early microvascular alterations in type 1 diabetes patients before the onset of clinical retinopathy.
May support early microvascular detection by waveform analysis in T1D; hypothesis-generating and requires prospective validation before clinical adoption.
Diabetic retinopathy is associated with markedly increased risk of cardiovascular events. Analysis of retrobulbar blood velocity waveforms should help characterise microvessels since waveform morphology is partly determined by wave reflection. This approach could potentially allow the detection of abnormalities earlier than is currently possible. Ultrasound examinations of the common carotid, ophthalmic (OA) and central retinal (CRA) arteries were undertaken on 39 subjects with type 1 diabetes (no retinopathy) and 39 controls. Waveforms were characterised using the discrete wavelet transform, and frequency data categorised into 11 bands. After correcting for possible confounders, in the OA, the mean amplitude was higher for subjects with diabetes in band 4 (p=0.022). In the CRA, the mean amplitude was higher for subjects with diabetes in bands 2 (p=0.012), 3 (p<0.001) and 5 (p=0.028). Abnormalities were most pronounced when signals were captured close to the microvasculature, providing evidence that they may be due to microvascular alterations.
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Hamilton et al. (2012) conducted a case-control in Type 1 diabetes (n=78). Type 1 diabetes vs. Controls was evaluated on Mean amplitude of retrobulbar blood velocity waveforms in specific frequency bands (p=<0.001). Type 1 diabetes without retinopathy was associated with higher mean amplitude in specific frequency bands of ophthalmic and central retinal artery waveforms compared to controls (e.g., CRA band 3, p<0.001).
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