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Intraoperative pyeloscopy was performed on 18 consecutive patients with indeterminate pelvic of caliceal filling defects, subsequently proved to be transitional cell carcinomas. After nephroureterectomy local tumor recurrence in the region of the renal fossa developed in 2 patients. Intraoperative pyeloscopy entails significant risks and the seeding of transitional cell carcinoma is possible.
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Tomera et al. (1982) studied this question.
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