Matrix metalloproteinase biology applied to vitreoretinal disorders

1The ECM is a complex structure that influences the behaviour of its resident cells, and those in the process of migration, by providing specific contextual information. Enzymes that modify the ECM thus have the potential to aVect basic cell biology in many physiological and pathological processes. 2 Remodelling of the ECM must occur with spatial and temporal precision for normal development, morphogenesis, homeostasis, and tissue repair. 3 As matrix degradation is a prerequisite for malignant invasion and metastasis, it is not surprising that MMP biology has attracted considerable interest, with clinical oncology trials under way in several organ systems. 4‐7 New proteolytic functions are also being defined for these enzymes. These include the degradation of non-matrix macromolecules such as myelin basic protein, inactivation of AE1 antitrypsin, release of sequestered growth factors from ECM, and cleavage of bioactive molecules from the cell surface. 8