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IT has for many years been recognized that voltage surges of considerable magnitude could be produced under certain system conditions by switching operations or by arcing faults. Such voltage surges have been studied in some detail in the past, and various theories have been developed to explain their occurrence and to predict their magnitude. The theories were in most cases sound, but the prediction of surge magnitude was on a rather insecure basis.
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Concordia et al. (1941) studied this question.
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