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We herein report an unprecedented integrated process using organic salts as bifunctional organocatalysts under absolutely metal-free conditions for the conversion of a wide range of biomass-derived carbohydrates, cellulose, and even untreated lignocellulose ( e.g. straw and barley husk) into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF).
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Mirzaei et al. (2015) studied this question.
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