Transparent, polycrystalline (Y0.86-Yb0.11Er0.03)2O3 with an average grain size of 400 nm on irradiation with 980 nm laser light through a mask upconverts the IR photons emitting red light at 662 nm. A model for a red pixel in a 3-D inverted planetarium display is presented (see figure).
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Hinklin et al. (2008) studied this question.
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