Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
A palladium--phosphinous acid-catalyzed Sonogashira cross-coupling reaction that proceeds in water under air atmosphere in the absence of organic co-solvents has been developed. Disubstituted alkynes have been prepared in up to 91% yield by POPd-catalyzed coupling of various aryl halides including chlorides in the presence of tetrabutylammonium bromide and pyrrolidine or NaOH.
No takes yet. Share an insight, caveat, or question.
Wolf et al. (2004) studied this question.
Synapse has enriched 10 related papers. Consider them for comparative context: