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The spectral power distribution of a broadband maser signal that is saturating a two-level system is derived using stationary Gaussian statistics for the electric fields and assuming the bandwidth is large compared to the homogeneous linewidths of the two levels. The results are applied to travelling-wave amplifiers of this type, the cosmic OH and H₂O masers, to obtain the saturated maser output intensity and linewidth as a function of amplifier length.
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M. M. Litvak (1970) studied this question.
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