Multiomics Integration for Identifying Treatment Targets, Drug Development, and Diagnostic Designs in PAH

Unraveling the complexities of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is challenging due to its multifaceted nature, encompassing molecular, cellular, tissue, and organ-level alterations. The advent of omics technologies, including genomics, ­epigenomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics, and proteomics, has generated a vast array of public and nonpublic datasets from both humans and model organisms, opening new avenues for understanding PAH. However, the insights provided by individual omics datasets into the molecular mechanisms of PAH are inherently limited. In response, efforts are increasing to develop integrative omics approaches designed to synthesize multidimensional omics data into a cohesive understanding of the molecular dynamics of PAH. In this review, we discuss various strategies for integrating multiomic data and illustrate their application in PAH research. We explore the challenges encountered and the profound potential of leveraging omics data for comprehensive molecular insight as well as for the identification of novel therapeutic targets and biomarkers specific to PAH. Furthermore, in this review, we seek to elucidate the process and rationale behind conducting integrative omics studies in PAH, raising critical questions about the feasibility and future prospects of multiomic integration in unraveling the complexities of this disease.