Joint TOA and DOA Localization in Indoor Environment Using Virtual Stations

This letter presents a geometrical localization approach that is able to locate a mobile station in non-line-of-sight (NLOS) and multipath conditions using time-of-arrival (TOA) and direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimates. The novelty of our work resides in converting the NLOS problem into a line-of-sight problem with virtual stations, even if the signal undergoes multiple-bound scattering, which has not been resolved in previous works. We also develop a two-step weighted least squares (TSWLS) positioning estimator using the hybrid TOA and DOA values. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.