A new type of array is described which consists of a grid or mesh structure situated parallel and close to a flat conducting sheet. It operates as a linearly polarized traveling-wave antenna with the main lobe of radiation in a backward angle-fire direction. The direction of the beam is a function of the frequency. Operation of the antenna is analyzed by simple array theory and comparisons are made between calculated and measured performance. An application of the array as a radio telescope antenna is mentioned.
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J. D. Kraus (1964) studied this question.