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The recently disclosed general structure of violene/cyanine hybrids is extended to a new variant. The groups X and Y complete the structure for cyanines, oxonols or merocyanines in the formula (Scheme 2, at the right side). Therefore, both the addition and removal of two electrons is possible. To test if this general motif is applicable to ring-closed compounds, tetrapyridinium thiophene 4OX4+ was prepared, and studied using cyclic voltammetry, spectroelectrochemistry and PM3 calculations covering all five redox states of 4.
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Hünig et al. (2001) studied this question.
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