Atrial arrhythmias in Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy: Approach to successful ablation

Figures

• 

  Figure 1. Surface and intracardiac electrocardiograms of atrial flutter. A: A 12-lead electrocardiogram demonstrated typical atrial flutter with variable atrioventricular block and narrow QRS. B: Intracardiac electrogram during atrial flutter with cycle length of 318 ms and normal infrahisian conduction (HV of 31 ms). CS = coronary sinus (1–2 = most distal pair, 9–10 = most proximal pair). C: Intracardiac electrogram demonstrating termination of atrial flutter preceded by prolongation of tachycardia cycle length.

• 

  Figure 2. Three-dimensional Endocardial Solutions Inc (St Paul, MN) electroanatomic voltage map, with ablation site tags, of right atrium with lower thresholds (0.05 mV) demonstrating existing significant atrial scar. A: Posteroanterior view. B: Right anterior oblique view. C: Left lateral view.

• 

  Figure 3. Cardiac compass trend from patient’s implantable cardioverter-defibrillator demonstrating significant atrial arrhythmia burden prior to September 2015 cardiac ablation, and low burden post ablation. A: Pre- and peri-ablation. B,C: Thirty-five months post ablation.