In contrast to upland crops, rice plant is usually cultivated in the waterlogged condition. On waterlogging, the arable soil changes from an oxidizing to a reducing condition because of the oxygen consumption, and the accumulation of reduced materials as a result of the decomposition of soil organic matter under limited oxygen supply from the surface water. A waterlogged soil may be defined as one which is essentially reductive in character.
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Takai et al. (1956) studied this question.