A 10-yr climatology was performed using ECMWF gridded analyses on isentropic surfaces to identify regions where the lower-tropospheric meridional potential vorticity (PV) gradient changes sign across Africa and Australia during their respective summer seasons. While an African sign reversal has been documented, no similar study has been performed for the Australian region, which also has desert on the poleward side of open ocean. In each hemisphere, a northward decrease of PV is sufficient to produce a sign reversal.
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Dickinson et al. (2000) studied this question.
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