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The flow characteristics of water through right-angled pipe fittings were studied by theoretical and experimental method. By means of the theory of two-dimensional potential flow, streamlines and pressure distributions along the walls of right-angled branching canals, in which the flow separated at the branch corner, were evaluated and compared with the experimental results. Both results coincided very well. From the calculated and experimental results, the mechanisms of the pressure loss of right-angled pipe fittings were analyzed. The pressure loss in the main flow was equivalent to the pressure loss of a sudden enlargement and that in the branch flow to the sum of the pressure loss of a sudden contraction and a sudden enlargement.
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Iwanami et al. (1969) studied this question.
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