X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy was used to characterize the hydroxylated oxide film on iron surfaces. The composition of the films and its transformations for eighteen specimens prepared by ex situ techniques and simulating various conditions of hydroxylated oxide layer formation were examined. A model of hydroxylated oxide multilayer film formation on iron was proposed. Quantitative analysis procedures of its composition and hydroxyl group population determination were given. Anion and cation exchange experiments at the specimen surfaces in solutions at different values of pH followed by x‐ray photoelectron analysis of the surface compositions were employed for the estimation of acid–base properties.
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Kurbatov et al. (1992) studied this question.
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