Like most heavy metals, cadmium is only found in minute amounts in natural sea water. Krauskopf (1956) stated that cadmium concentration of normal sea water ranges from 0.032 to 0.075 PPb (μg/l−1) while Goldberg (1965) gave a somewhat higher value of 0.11 ppb. Cadmium concentrations determined by Preston (1973) for the North-East Atlantic Ocean range from <0.01 to 0.41 ppb, and similar values have been found by Windom & Smith (1972) in the West- and Chester & Stoner (1974) in the South Atlantic Ocean (0.04–0.17 ppb).
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Westernhagen et al. (1975) studied this question.
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