What does this research mean for the field?

The decline of large cardamom orchards in Nepal is primarily driven by climate-associated pest and disease infestations alongside poor management practices, necessitating an integrated management strategy for revival. Novelty: ClaimNovelty.SYNTHESIS. Consensus alignment: ConsensusAlignment.NEUTRAL.

What question did this study set out to answer?

To identify the primary biotic, abiotic, and agronomic causes of large cardamom orchard decline and synthesize practical, integrated strategies for orchard revival.

August 30, 2026HeliyonOpen Access

Integrated strategies for reviving declining large cardamom (Amomum subulatum Roxb.) orchards in Nepal

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Authors

NBNirajan BhandariAgriculture and Forestry University PGPratikshya GhimireAgriculture and Forestry University JDJanuka Dahal

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Implication

Literature review uncovers multiple drivers of yield collapse in large cardamom orchards, highlighting integrated management strategies for sustainable revival.

Key Points

To identify the primary biotic, abiotic, and agronomic causes of large cardamom orchard decline and synthesize practical, integrated strategies for orchard revival.
Synthesized findings from published scientific literature, technical agricultural reports, and extension documents on large cardamom production.
Assessed the interrelated impacts of climate variability, pest infestations, plant age, and traditional cultivation practices on orchard health.
Identified pest and disease infestations exacerbated by climate change, alongside aged and exhausted stands, as predominant causes of declining productivity.
Determined that reliance on low-quality planting material, degraded soil fertility, inadequate irrigation, and poor intercultural management accelerate crop loss.
Highlighted integrated management—combining orchard rejuvenation, balanced nutrient inputs, water management, and climate-resilient practices—as essential for recovery.

Cite This Study

Bhandari et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a93f00a6c1a8fb52e79c02b https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2026.e45330

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Implication

Literature review uncovers multiple drivers of yield collapse in large cardamom orchards, highlighting integrated management strategies for sustainable revival.

Integrated strategies for reviving declining large cardamom (Amomum subulatum Roxb.) orchards in Nepal

Discussion

Member takes

Implication

Key Points

Cite This Study

Integrated strategies for reviving declining large cardamom (Amomum subulatum Roxb.) orchards in Nepal

Discussion

Member takes

Implication

Key Points

Cite This Study

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