Case report reveals severe mediastinal vessel compression from recurrent substernal goiter 25 years after thyroidectomy, highlighting the need for median sternotomy during surgical resection.
Recurrent substernal goiter can develop decades after total thyroidectomy due to microscopic residual tissue. It must be considered in the differential diagnosis of giant mediastinal masses. When severe airway or vascular compression occurs, definitive management typically requires an extracervical approach, such as a complete median sternotomy, for safe resection.
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Shbat et al. (2026) studied this question.
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