A Proven Model for Sustainable Tourism Management at Nature-Based Attractions: The Hanauma Bay Case Study

Implementing sustainability principles at nature-based tourism attractions lacks a clear path. This study examines the transformation of Hanauma Bay Nature Preserve into a sustainable attraction through a qualitative approach, including participant observation, documentary analysis, and an expert interview. Hanauma Bay Nature Preserve shows that a degrowth strategy, aided by the 3R model – regenerative nature conservation, regulated recreation, and respect for locals, cultures, and traditions – is the pathway forward. Managers can achieve regenerative nature conservation by securing conservation status, employing science-driven resource management, educating residents and visitors, and regulating access through carrying-capacity thresholds, visitor-access limits, and nature-regeneration breaks. Fostering respect for locals, cultures, and traditions involves leveraging residents’ access, promoting local culture, and minimizing reliance on natural resources. Regulated recreation encompasses introducing fees, implementing value-based pricing, generating revenue, and enhancing visitor satisfaction and experiences. The proposed 3R model provides managers with a workable framework for achieving sustainability in nature-based tourism attractions.