What does this research mean for the field?

Refugee integration approaches enhance livelihoods and social inclusion but intensify environmental pressure and resource competition, whereas encampment approaches limit environmental spillovers but restrict economic participation and increase dependency. Novelty: ClaimNovelty.SYNTHESIS. Consensus alignment: ConsensusAlignment.NEUTRAL.

What question did this study set out to answer?

To compare the socioeconomic and environmental outcomes of refugee integration versus encampment approaches adopted in East Africa.

August 30, 2026Social Sciences & Humanities OpenOpen Access

Refugee integration versus encampment approach; A synthesis of their applicability and adoption in developing countries

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To compare the socioeconomic and environmental outcomes of refugee integration versus encampment approaches adopted in East Africa.
Systematic review synthesizing 113 peer-reviewed articles and 11 reports published between 1998 and 2024.
Bibliometrix and thematic analyses, including co-occurrence network analysis to map governance, migration, and ecological themes.
Uganda's integration model improved livelihoods, social inclusion, and rights to movement and employment, but increased resource competition, localized insecurity, and environmental pressures.
Tanzania's encampment model curtailed mobility and economic participation while reducing ecological spillovers, though it heightened aid dependency and drew negative international perceptions.
Co-occurrence network analysis identified environmental degradation, climate change, drought, and deforestation as major drivers straining host-refugee dynamics across both models.

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Implication

Systematic review uncovers governance trade-offs between refugee integration and encampment models in East Africa, highlighting environmental and socioeconomic impacts.

Cite This Study

Mafwolo et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a93f08e6c1a8fb52e79ccbf https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2026.103377

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Implication

Systematic review uncovers governance trade-offs between refugee integration and encampment models in East Africa, highlighting environmental and socioeconomic impacts.

Refugee integration versus encampment approach; A synthesis of their applicability and adoption in developing countries

Key Points

Discussion

Implication

Cite This Study

Refugee integration versus encampment approach; A synthesis of their applicability and adoption in developing countries

Key Points

Discussion

Implication

Cite This Study

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