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August 30, 2026BMC MicrobiologyOpen Access

Genomic characterization of virulence factors in hypermucoviscous Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates using long-read sequencing

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Authors

ŞOŞeyda Şilan OkalınMÖMehmet Ali Öktem

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Overview

Genomic analysis identifies diverse virulence genes and plasmids in hypermucoviscous Klebsiella pneumoniae bloodstream isolates, indicating complex genetic mechanisms underlying severe infections.

Key Points

  • To characterize the virulence genes, sequence types, capsule types, and plasmid profiles of hypermucoviscous Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical bloodstream isolates.
  • Screened 244 K. pneumoniae bloodstream isolates for hypermucoviscosity using the string test, identifying 10 positive isolates.
  • Performed long-read whole-genome sequencing on five representative isolates using the Oxford Nanopore MinION platform.
  • Identified sequence types, capsule (K) types, O-antigen types, virulence factors, and plasmid profiles using CGE, BIGSdb, Kaptive, VFDB, BacWGSTdb, PLSDB, and PlasmidFinder databases.
  • Identified five distinct sequence types (ST1322, ST268, ST461, ST14, ST29) and capsule types (KL139, K20, K62, K2, K54), with all five isolates sharing the O2a antigen type.
  • Detected core virulence genes across all isolates, including Type 1 and Type 3 fimbriae, efflux pumps, type VI secretion systems, and siderophore systems (aerobactin, enterobactin, salmochelin, and yersiniabactin).
  • Identified plasmid-borne hypervirulence determinants, including capsule regulators (rmpA/rmpA2) and siderophore operons (iucABCD, iutA, and iroBCDN), on multidrug-resistance or repB plasmids in two isolates.

Cite This Study

Okalın et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a93f0a36c1a8fb52e79ce1fhttps://doi.org/10.1186/s12866-026-05565-9
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Also Consider

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  4. 4Phenotypic and genotypic analysis of hypermucoviscous Klebsiella pneumoniae (hmkp) strain2025
  5. 5Hybrid plasmids: genetic diversity and hypervirulent phenotype of Klebsiella pneumoniae2026