Evaluating surgical success and complication profiles after augmentation cystoplasty in a mixed-age cohort: A retrospective analysis

Background: Augmentation cystoplasty is a common procedure in managing bladder dysfunction among mixed-age cohort. However, data on its functional results and associated morbidity from specialist centers are scarce. Objectives: To evaluate surgical outcomes, functional results, and complications of augmented cystoplasty surgery, especially in terms of bladder capacity, stability of renal function, short & complications during available follow-up. Methods: This was retrospective cohort study where all patients undergoing an augmentation cystoplasty procedure at the Department of Urology, Pakistan Kidney and Liver Institute & Research Center, Lahore, from June 2023 to May-2025 included in study. Baseline demographics to clinical outcomes noted from patients’ medical-records and evaluated based on change in bladder capacity, serum creatinine, and postoperative complications following Clavien Dindo Scale. Secondary-outcomes: continence status, reoperative procedures, and hospital-stay. Results: Seventy-six patients were studied with a mean age: 29.44 ± 15.07 years (range: 4–66) with a predominance of males consisting of 58 patients (76.3%) of mixed-age cohort. Predominant indication for undergoing this surgery was neurogenic bladder in 46 patients (60.5%). The majority of patients 74(97.4%), underwent ileal augmentation procedures, and only two (2.6%) underwent autoaugmentation procedures. Bladder capacity increased significantly post-operatively with a median of 500 mL as compared to a preoperative median of 130 mL(IQR: 60–130) ( p < 0.001) and a postoperative stable serum creatinine with p > 0.535. Early postoperative complications occurring within 30 days after surgery were observed in seven patients (9.2%). During available postoperative follow-up period (3–4 weeks), complications requiring additional intervention were uncommon, occurring in 3.9% of patients. At available postoperative follow-up assessment, adequate bladder capacity and social continence were achieved in 75 patients (98.7%), while stable serum creatinine levels were observed in 74 patients (97.4%). Conclusion: Augmentation cystoplasty was associated with significant improvement in bladder capacity and stable renal parameters during the available follow-up period in this mixed-age cohort. However, longer follow-up with objective urodynamic and renal assessment is required.