Optimal Antenna Layout for Vessels Based on Electromagnetic Compatibility Analysis

This article describes the process conducted by COTECMAR’s design and engineering office when defining the antenna layout of vessels. The process yields an electromagnetic environment with minimum disturbance and Electromagnetic Interference (EMI), allowing an acceptable performance of the systems operating on board while considering specific features of the vessel, such as navigation equipment, communication systems, and the number of radio transmitters and receivers. These features lead to complex environments since they stem from compliance with regulations, the type of vessel, and the intended use for mission accomplishment. In the case of small vessels (or vessels fitted with common commercial navigation and communication systems), the final antenna layout involves an electromagnetic compatibility analysis based on separation distances, which are associated with frequency bands (distance-matrix analysis). However, for larger ships and military vessels, ship designers resort to simulation tools to extend their analysis to a wider set of aspects, such as the variation of electromagnetic field levels and antenna radiation patterns, as well as the assessment of the Hazards of Electromagnetic Radiation to Personnel (HERP), Fuel (HERF), and Ordnance (HERO).