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August 30, 2026International Journal of Environmental Science and TechnologyOpen Access

Photocatalytic caffeine degradation and toxicity reduction using reduced graphene oxide-modified zinc telluride

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Authors

AVA. J. VilvertPMP. D. MacruzRNRamiro Picoli Nippes

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Overview

Experimental study demonstrates caffeine degradation and reduced ecotoxicity in aquatic matrices using reduced graphene oxide-zinc telluride, highlighting its potential for water treatment.

Key Points

  • To evaluate the efficiency of reduced graphene oxide-functionalized zinc telluride as a photocatalyst for degrading caffeine and lowering toxicity in aquatic environments.
  • Synthesized zinc telluride nanoparticles on reduced graphene oxide sheets using a wet impregnation method with excess solvent.
  • Conducted photocatalytic degradation assays under ultraviolet–visible radiation (peak at 365 nm), varying reduced graphene oxide content, catalyst loading, initial caffeine concentration, and pH.
  • Assessed post-degradation ecotoxicity through Artemia salina mortality and Lactuca sativa seed germination assays.
  • The composite containing 1.0% reduced graphene oxide achieved 93% caffeine degradation in 85 minutes, adhering to a half-order kinetic model.
  • The 1.0% composite exhibited lower photoluminescence intensity, consistent with decreased electron–hole recombination.
  • Treated water significantly lowered Artemia salina mortality and improved Lactuca sativa germination rates compared to untreated caffeine solutions.

Cite This Study

Vilvert et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a93f14b6c1a8fb52e79e2c6https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-026-07403-x
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