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The photo-ionization of N, N, N′, N′-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine (TMPD) in nonpolar solvents was found to occur by the two-step process, with the triplet state as the intermediate. It will be reported here that the photo-ionization of TMPD in polar solvents occurs by the same two-step process, both at 77°K and at room temperature. The flash method was used for the experiments at room temperature. On the other hand, the photo-ionization of TMPD occurs by the single-photon process in ethanol solutions at room temperature when a naphthalene molecule encounters TMPD in the singlet-excited state. The ionization mechanism will be discussed on the basis of these results.
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Nakato et al. (1967) studied this question.
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