Patient and caregiver perspectives on dyspnea in heart failure: A qualitative study

BACKGROUND: Dyspnea, commonly seen in heart failure, is a complex experience with both physical and psychosocial dimensions for patients and caregivers. This study provides a symptom-specific qualitative exploration of dyspnea from both patient and caregiver perspectives and extends existing heart failure literature by focusing on the shared impact of breathlessness on daily life and caregiving experiences. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to explore the lived experiences of dyspnea among patients with heart failure and their caregivers, highlighting the impact on daily life and the strategies used to manage the symptom. METHOD: Twenty-six patients (18 men, 8 women) diagnosed with heart failure at a tertiary hospital in southern Turkey and 19 caregivers (13 women, 6 men) were included in the study. Participants were selected using a purposive sampling method. Semi-structured individual interviews were conducted with participants to understand the effects of dyspnea on their lives. The qualitative data obtained were analyzed using Braun and Clarke's thematic analysis framework. RESULTS: Four main themes emerged from the patients' perspective: (1) perception of dyspnea, (2) psychological problems, (3) effects on daily life, and (4) dyspnea management. For caregivers, three main themes have been identified: (1) psychosocial difficulties, (2) coping strategies during crises, and (3) need for information and support. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides complementary insights into patient and caregiver experiences of dyspnea, highlighting shared challenges and distinct support needs. The findings underscore the need for nurse-led, caregiver-inclusive dyspnea management strategies tailored to geriatric care settings.